In places where municipalities continuously fail to collect and manage waste, authorities tend to concentrate their efforts in a few areas. These are often in a city’s wealthier sections. Informal settlements remain under-served or are not served at all. And so, waste accumulates.

Kampala, the capital of Uganda, is home to 1.5 million residents. It is growing at an annual rate of 5.1%. The expansion of cities like Kampala makes service provision difficult; infrastructure is poor and so are the roads that connect its neighbourhoods. <link https: www.mdpi.com htm _blank external-link-new-window external link in new>About 87% of Kampala’s residents live in informal houses; 78% have access to electricity in their houses and only 17% have piped water. <link https: www.researchgate.net publication _blank external-link-new-window external link in new>An estimated 1,300 tons per day of waste are produced in the city and about 50% is collected and transported to the landfill.

In this context, the absence of waste management and sanitation has led <link https: www.mistraurbanfutures.org en publication rogue-urbanism-emergent-african-cities _blank external-link-new-window external link in new>residents to come up with solutions to make usable products out of organic waste materials. One such innovation is producing energy briquettes from both organic and human wastes, or fecal sludge.

<link https: theconversation.com _blank external-link-new-window offers lessons in tapping the power of solid>More